Screenplay...Andy and Dave Lewis
Music...Michael Smalls
Cinematography...Gordon Wills
Budget $2.5 million
Box Office $12.5 million ($75 million in 2019)
Bree Daniels...Jane Fonda (Academy Award Best Actress)
John Klute...Donald Sutherland
Peter Cable...Charles Cioffi
Frank Ligourin...Roy Scheider
Arlyn Page...Dorothy Tristan
Psychiatrist...Vivian Nathan
Right before we broke we watched one of several sessions in Klute between Bree Daniels and her psychiatrist. This one above is, for me, one of those amazing moments in American film where an actor is totally in synch with their character and is willing to be thoroughly honest to the character. Watching it makes us shake my head in amazement—though you don't have to. This is one of those movies, dominant in the early seventies, in which genre doesn't matter. Yes, it is a mystery—where did Tom Gruneman disappear to? Who is stalking Bree and making all those creepy midnight calls? Who killed Arlen Page?
But speaking for just myself, I'm not all that interested in the who-done-what aspect of the story. We already know that Peter Cable, who sent Klute looking for Gruneman, is the one listening to the tapes of Bree. How creepy is that? And it will get creepier. But even still, I'm much more interested in this woman who is so smart and tough and vulnerable and self-destructive, so self-aware yet unable or unwilling to get herself out of life that cannot end well for her. Bree is a self-confessed control freak—as is John Klute (a long way from Hawkeye Pierce for Donald Sutherland, who in 2020 would never be a star). Two attractive (well, one more than the other), talented young people who are trapped in something to a great degree of their own making.
1. Your reaction to the movie? Like? Dislike? Why? And how would you describe this movie to people not in the class? What ARE (that's plural on purpose) its genres? Use specific examples in your answer.
2. Bree Daniels: what word or phrase best describes her? Where do we see her be most herself—whatever that means to you? And do you find her sympathetic or not? Use specific examples in your answer.
3. What is the counter culture in the movie? Or maybe we should say, who is the counter culture in the movie? Would they be comfortable at Altamont—or with Stones' lawyer Melvin Belli and his cronies? Explain your answers by referring to specifics in the movie.
Ashley talked about how hard this was to watch alone. Well, the scene below explains that reaction.
See you all tomorrow.
1. Your reaction to the movie? Like? Dislike? Why? And how would you describe this movie to people not in the class? What ARE (that's plural on purpose) its genres? Use specific examples in your answer.
ReplyDeleteI liked the movie, but I also felt a bit uncomfortable with some of the themes in the movie (ie: the prostitution/sexual themes). I would describe Klute as creepy and suspenseful, made so especially with the use of its soundtrack. Each piece of music fits the climbing action (like the piano notes gradually getting higher as the action continues). It is definitely a mystery/thriller movie, proved by the various murders and the creepy man stalking Bree.
2. Bree Daniels: what word or phrase best describes her? Where do we see her be most herself—whatever that means to you? And do you find her sympathetic or not? Use specific examples in your answer.
The best word that describes Bree is cautious. She is constantly ready for some new tragedy to unfold, especially with her job as a high-class prostitute. She is very cautious when her relationship with Klute develops (as seen when talking to her psychiatrist). She is ready for something to go wrong because someone has been stalking her. She knows something is coming. I find her relatable but not really sympathetic. I like her character but I do not really think she is a good, totally moral person.
3. What is the counter culture in the movie? Or maybe we should say, who is the counter culture in the movie? Would they be comfortable at Altamont—or with Stones' lawyer Melvin Belli and his cronies? Explain your answers by referring to specifics in the movie.
I would say that the counter culture in this movie are the prostitutes/hookers like Arlyn Page: the junkies. They would most likely be comfortable at Altamont because most of the people at Altamont were high on some sort of drug — be it LSD, pot, or something else. Arlyn was kind of stand-offish when Bree and Klute came to talk to her, similarly to the hippie crowd at Altamont.
1. I’m not exactly sure how I stand on whether I like the movie or not. It has some good suspenseful parts that I enjoy but I didn’t like it as much as love story or MASH. I would describe Klute to a friend who has never seen it before as a Thriller and a Romance. My description in detail would include how a missing persons case leads to a rejected actor but prosperous prostitute who has a sly stalker which is involved with the missing husband and a rookie private investigator whose job is to investigate all this who has a suspicious boss that is in possession of scandalous tapes.
ReplyDelete2. Only two words are needed to best describe Bree Daniels: a lot. There’s a lot going on with her physically, emotionally, and a lot of stuff happening around her. I don’t think that she has a time where she was herself in the movie. In the movie with her therapist she says that along with her acting, her prostitution is all act with her being a person she isn’t really. In the movie she has become so far immersed into her acting career that she’s only a shell of who she used to be. I don’t think that Bree is a very sympathetic person and I mean that with nothing against her. I just don’t think she has shown a lot of sympathy in the film and hasn’t had many opportunities to do so either.
3. The only person that was looked down upon for who they were by another person was the druggy prostitute. None of the other prostitutes were ver looked down upon for being a prostitute except the one that also did drugs. The druggy one would definitely be happier at Altamont because there was an astronomically larger number of drugs and sex there. However I highly doubt that any of the prostitutes enjoy their work.
1) I liked the movie, but there are some times where I don't really comprehend what exactly is happening. I like the movie because it offers so much more than just a murder mystery. For a split second I almost forgot it was about trying to figure out where Tom is. I were so invested in Klute and Daniel's relationship that i forgot what brought them together. I would describe this movie about a murder of a man who is surrounded by mystery. With Klute a private detective hired to look into hid murder. But, he later finds more then he was expecting. If I were to pick a genres for the movie it would be Murder Mystery/ Thriller/Drama.
ReplyDelete2) The best phrase to describe Bree Daniels is Broken and having trouble being fixed. The clip you linked above of her talking to her psychologists is good evidence to support this. She is aware that she is self destructive and seems to ruin relationships around her. Yet, she doesn't really seem to want to solve that problem. I feel like we see her being her true self when she's with her psychologist. Other than that I feel like she let's out her true colors when she's with Klute. She said it herself he has seen her in her best to worst, to anything in between. I do feel some sympathy towards her. Her dream is to become an actor yet she seems to find herself stuck in this cycle.
3) The counter culture in this movie are the hookers. prostitutes and junkies. They would be comfortable in Altamont due to most of the crowd having that "I don't give a-" kind of attitude/ Many were hardly clothed and were high from one thing or another. Bree fit somewhat of a special case she really isn't much like the other prostitutes we've seen. She seems like she wouldn't have a great time at Altamont.
sorry in advance… the first question got away from me.
ReplyDelete1. To me, this film is not exactly comfortable; it was not watching the visuals that caused this reaction, but instead my thought that the film doesn’t appear to entertain, as I expect most films to do. I feel as if it doesn’t engage its audience with themes of humour or fear, love or beauty- the characters felt too real and the scenes too lifelike for me to be able to judge them, as I feel the audience has the license to do over most works of fiction. Yes, part of this is the acting ability of Fonda- she does, as John stated above, so honestly become Bree. But each character and scene also moved at its own pace, in the way that films do not have the time for, but real life does. For example, I found that the reveal that Cable is listening to Bree’s tapes less of a surprise and more of an exposition of the man- surprise not in the sense that I saw this development coming (I really did not expect Cable to be involved), but in that these scenes are not an in-your-face/ “it’s him?! this changes the whole movie” surprise. The scene of Cable sitting quietly in a room framed by industrial cranes, listening to Bree’s voice as the room is visually toned in a simple yet harsh monotone scale, thoroughly struck me. Maybe it is because most of the films we’ve watched previously have included the harsh action sounds of gunshots and explosions or ice under hockey skates or the drum and guitar of rock and roll, but the hushed delivery of this scene made me feel as if the film isn’t trying to stimulate any immediate reaction from the audience. Another part of the film that elicited in me a similar reaction was the multiple shots of the shadowed hand or face that watches Bree. Normally, when watching a film or reading a book, I look forward to the plot’s reveal and my reaction to it. However, in Klute, I am not necessarily eager to find out who that unidentified shadowy body is- sure, I’m naturally curious to learn who this person is, but I honestly probably wouldn’t be too upset if we never found out. At the end of the day, I’m not sure that I can explain my reaction to the film coherently- I’ve tried in the above writing, but I still feel unsatisfied. Essentially, I am trying to say that I appreciate the discomfort of a fictional story that somehow feels real, devoid of simplistic “bad guy reveals” and blame. And for describing this movie to someone else, I’m not sure where I would even start- it took me over 400 words to cobble together my own awed reaction to the film, so I definitely would not be the person to ask for a clear and concise description. But I suppose the fact that the movie has multiple genres could, in a sense, describe the overall complexity. The film is not a documentary, not reality TV, but to me, a realistic tragedy and romance. I shy away from describing it as a thriller or mystery because I feel that films in these categories are concerned only with them being a thriller or mystery. But though Klute has the suspense of a mysterious passageway (where for once, the person who goes looking for the source of the bump or crash actually returns alive and in one piece- have horror film victims learned nothing? you should always take a friend with you), I was more focused on the personalities and emotions of each character, not the action that was happening to them. I think the tragedy is apparent in Bree’s honesty about herself; she is accepting of her work as a prostitute, but the very role of this job- the performance of her body- is not comfortable, as she reveals to her physiatrist. But tragically ironic, she enjoys her body when she is with Klute, but also she “feels the need to destroy [that relationship], to… go back to the comfort of being numb again.”
1. (cont.) This “comfort of numbness,” its importance all the more evident in the fact that it was the quote selected to be the blog’s title, makes me so deeply saddened. It is this numbness of loneliness and alienation from comfort, especially when her job requires her to be so close to other people, that is the tragedy. I also found the characters of Arlyn and her boyfriend (or husband?), along with the widower customer of Bree, to be similarly tragic. There is little blame in any of these characters- Arlyn’s partner’s pain both in intoxication and mourning are so visceral, and Bree’s testament of the widower- his shared loneliness, Bree’s explanation that “he doesn’t touch me-” remove some of the discomfort of their prostitute-customer relationship. This tragedy also enforces the romance of the film; it shows both the tenderness and pain of love and affection. This is apparent in Bree’s discussion with her psychiatrist: “...the sensation that something that is flowing from me naturally to someone else… without its being prettied up… I mean he’s seen me horrible, he’s seen me ugly, he’s seen me mean, he’s seen me whorey, and it doesn’t seem to matter, and he seems to accept me. And I guess having sex with somebody and feeling those sort of feelings towards them is very new to me, and I wish that I didn’t keep wanting to destroy it.” I believe that this need for human comfort is an element of romance, both with Klute and other characters. Even though pimps are often so harmful to prostitutes (they’re just there to “steal your money,” as Bree says), I can’t forget the scene where Bree shows up at the club feverish and deflated- there’s the tradegy- before tucking herself into the body of her previous pimp. Maybe not true love, but I feel as if there is a sense of the romance of a relationship here.
ReplyDelete2. I find Bree to be such a truly sensational character. This is not because she is a “good person,” as I do not believe her to be so. Instead, I feel that this originates in the intelligence of her understanding of her power and fragility. I despise when the fragility of a person is identified as a “feminine” trait, as it brings to mind the idea of a weak or broken woman in need of saving. Instead, Bree displays the parts of herself that are pained and fragile, and she is not made any less of a person (or a woman!) because of them. I wrote about the scene of Bree and her psychiatrist in the above question, but I think it is relevant to this question as well. I feel that in these meetings, Bree is able to be the most herself- not only intelligent and powerful, but also incredibly fragile. It is because of this that I find her a sympathetic character. Bree holds power and intelligence in her ability to reveal her aforementioned fragility; when Bree explains how Klute has seen her- as horrible, ugly, mean, and whorey- she reveals her awareness for the parts of herself that are truthful but not necessarily beautiful. Though a job as a prostitute often places women in a position completely lacking of power, Bree is also quite powerful when with her clients. Her ability to act and toy with their emotions may be downright manipulative, but being a prostitute is her role to play, not her clients.’ She is able to have complete control whilst pleasing them with the belief that they are in control- it’s a win-win. Bree’s power is evident in many other scenes as well, even when she is not with a client. I appreciated Bree’s reaction to Klute’s order that she stay behind him when they walk in on her ransacked apartment; she does not stay behind and allow him to “protect” her. Though she may be in a non-professional relationship with him, she is not weak and subservient. Another scene that I thought displayed Bree’s understanding of her power and fragility was her interaction with Arlyn and her partner. After she and Klute stand in their doorway for a while, Bree initiates their departure; I believe that Bree recognizes the pain that her previous friend/ coworker is dealing with in a way that is not obvious to Klute.
3. I think that the counterculture is shown in the roles of the people at the club, drug users, prostitutes, and pimps. The scene was brief, but Bree moved through the crowds of people at the club after she ran from Klute’s car. I believe that they represent the more positive images of the counterculture of the 60’s/70’s; they all appear happy, dancing, drinking, kissing. However, our discussions of Gimme Shelter also identified the downside of the counterculture, such as the sometimes unhealthy result of drugs. Arlyn and her partner are almost destroyed by their addiction. People seem to care little for them because they are druggies, and this dependence on drugs is obvious to Bree and Klute when they visit; their paranoia about their visitor and their instance that Bree and Klute leave demonstrates this. Just as the happy, illusioned image of the counterculture also includes the harsh images of drug addicts, I think that the prostitutes and pimps represent the hypocrisy of the mainstream family image. Though I can’t say that I know the attitude towards men with mistresses during the early 70’s, I’m going to assume that it was fairly shameful within a family if a husband was cheating. I’m sure it was expected, and it was definitely not unheard of, but based on the timidity of Bree’s clients (along with the understanding between the surgeons and nurses in MASH that they were being unfaithful to their wives/ husbands), I am assuming that it was a point of contention. From our conversations on the era of the 60’s into the 70’s, the idea of a faithful, “All-American” family seemed to counteract the hippies’ counterculture. But if these husbands and fathers were actually calling upon Bree and the other prostitutes for secretive pleasure, then they, like the drug addicts to the image of the counterculture, reveal the husband/ father unfaithful to the stereotypical American family.
ReplyDeleteOverall, I have really enjoyed the movie thus far. From purely a plot standpoint, it is very complex and entertaining. But I agree with John in saying that the plot is not the most interesting part. What struck me is the relationship between Bree and Klute. Watching Bree slowly open herself up to him was truly incredible after seeing her so closed off. I honestly would struggle trying to describe this movie to a friend, and I think my best endorsement would be telling them that it is unlike any other movie they have ever seen. I would say it contains some aspects of a horror movie: The music late at night, and phone calls. It also almost seems romantic, as we learn more about Bree and Klute.
ReplyDeleteI think the best word to describe Bree is vulnerable. Throughout the film, we have seen a woman repeatedly been pressured back into a lifestyle that is preying on her. She talks to her psychiatrist about loving that hour she is with the men, not because of the physical pleasure, but rather the feeling of being in control. She isn’t in control of any other aspect of her life. Her acting career is seemingly going nowhere, and it is completely out of her hands. However, when she starts becoming closer with Flute, I think we see her more clearly. The scene that stands out to me is when Flute and her are shopping together. This is one of the only times I remember seeing her relaxed. She is always so tense and alert. Klute seemed to break this barrier, and allowed her to open up. I am very sympathetic to Bree, because I think it’s clear that she has been taught to act like this. One of the most disturbing scenes was when she went to the club and rested her head on her pimp’s shoulder. He has broken these women, and is taking advantage of them.
I think that the prostitutes act as the counterculture in the film. They would most likely thrive at Altamont, due to the drug use and positive vibes around sex. I don’t know about the other girls; however, I think Bree would do really well with the lawyers. She is incredible at getting people in power to succumb to her, and I don’t think these men would be any different.
1. I like this movie. The cinematography and plot are both intriguing and well done. This class ahs taught me that I really enjoy movies that are not expected. This film, as well as Harold and Maude, are not something I have ever seen done before, which is refreshing. Describing this film to somebody else would be very difficult. I could say that it is a creepy drama about a prostitute, or a mystery that follows a prostitute and private investigator that fall in love (maybe). These describe the plot literally, but this description definitely does not explain the film like I would like to. My only conclusion is that it cannot be described to give somebody an understanding of it like watching it will give. The genre is suspence or mystery, probably, but I think that you could also argue that it is a love story.
ReplyDelete2. Bree Daniels feels like a very real character. We see all of her fears, struggles, and successes. This is likely the most realistic movie character I have seen because all aspects of her are portrayed. We learn most about her when we watch scenes of her in therapy, and I think this is where she is most herself. I really liked how these scenes consist almost entirely of her talking through her thoughts, because her understandings of herself comes from her. This is also a reflection of her independence and strength, which are two things that make her such an admirable character to me.
3. I think Bree Daniels is the counterculture in this movie, or at least part of it. I say this because she does not hold conservative values, and seems to do what she wants. Women living like this seems to go against the “straight” culture in America, especially because of her independence (and her job!). She is a captivating character to me because of this-- she is independent, strong, and understands her faults. As to the question about whether she would be comfortable at Altamont or with Stones' lawyer, I think Bree would likely be comfortable in both. I say this because she would be able to go to a concert like Altamont, but she is also capable of assimilating to the situation. She would be able to be in that room with the businessmen because she is able to manipulate people into getting what she wants, which I don’t say in a negative way.
1.I really liked this movie. I agree with John that to some degree I was kind of uninvested in the actual plot and much more interested in the characters, specifically Bree. I admire how honest she is about herself, how strong she is, and how confident she is, at times. Because this movie focuses so much on the characters rather than the actual plot, describing this movie to someone who is not in this class would be difficult. I would say that this movie is about a detective who is looking for a man named Tom Gruneman. The detective first interviews Bree Daniels, a prostitute and striving actress, who helps him in his search and eventually falls in love with him. Although the plot is very mysterious, the movie focuses more on Bree Daniels and her struggles with her identity, career, and impulsive actions. This movie is not only a mystery about the disappearance of Tom Gruneman and murder of Arlen Page but also a drama about Bree’s struggle to understand her identity - we see this genre in the many sessions Bree has with her psychiatraist, specifically the scene with her psychiatrist that John posted above really shows Bree struggling to understand why she thinks and acts the way she does - and a love story between Bree and Klute - the two really care about eachother, which we see in Klute taking care of Bree when she is unwell and protecting her.
ReplyDelete2.Bree Daniels is a strong woman. She is strong enough to provide for herself - although some viewers may not morally agree with the way she does so - and strong enough to admit that she has faults. For instance, when she meets with her psychiatrist, she divulges information about herself that I would consider very hard for most people to accept or even acknowledge; she explains that she does not know what it is like to be in a physical or emotional relationship in which feelings are reciprocated and that she has some uncontrollable desire to destroy the relationship she and Klute have. She seems most herself when she meets with her psychiatrist. She does not put on an act like she does when she is with clients or at her many auditions. Although she and Klute seem to have a genuine relationship, at the beginning of their relationship, she tricked Klute into sleeping with her by acting. Although she has tricked, manipulated, and wronged people, like when Klute walked into her ransacked apartment to Bree packing up all of her things to go back to her ex-pimp, she is sympathetic in my opinion. Bree may not always act in ways that are admirable, but she is able to acknowledge her wrongdoings and expresses her remorse to her psychiatrist. Also, her relationship with Klute requires some level of sympathy and understanding. She seems to care for him deeply, according to what she expresses in her sessions with her psychiatrist, which would make her sympathetic in my opinion.
3.Bree Daniels is the counter culture in this movie. In her sometimes vulgar outspokenness - like when she told Klute to “fuck off” and told her psychiatrist that she does “not give a damn”- and her unconventional choice in career, she seems to represent a kind of counter culture image. She acts in ways that go against people’s expectations. Sometimes those actions are unappreciated like when she ran out of Klute’s car and into the arms of her ex-pimp, stopping to kiss a random stranger on the way. I am not sure whether or not Bree would be comfortable at Altamont. She might enjoy the possible attention or business from the many people there. But, in one of her sessions with her psychiatrist, she mentions that she is lonely and has been for a long time. Although on the surface, she might appear to enjoy herself if she were to go to Altamont, I think that on the inside, she would be feeling just as alone and unfulfilled as she described feeling to her psychiatrist when she has a job as a prostitute.
1.I would say that overall I have liked the movie so far. I think that I would say that I havent really seen the need to label the movie with tons of generes. To me it is kinda just a mystery / thriller where there is that creepy background with the main characters trying to make sense of it all. Thats probably how I would describe it as a mystery where the main characters are trying to solve murders and the missing persons cases.
ReplyDelete2. i would say that Bree is extremely strong yet breaking if not already broken. I say this because she has to push through a lot during her daily life just to get by, then she is thrown into the whole mess and puts up with it. However in her discussions with her phycologist she appears to have taken a lot of damage that she hasnt shown. Another good thing about Bree is that she is willing to own up to what she has done. She dosnt sugarcoat her job as a prostitute and dosnt show anybody that she thinks its a problem. Im not sure how to answer this question because while I feel like she has to be sympathetic to go along with the whole investigation thing she certainly dosnt show it very much. However she does seem to begin to care more and more for Klute as the movie goes on which I guess could mean she is sympathetic to his cause.
3. I feel like Bree's whole character is counter culture in a way, I think that aare large part of counter culture was having sex before marriage, and by being a prostitute she wouldnt fit into that category. However I think that Bree's job and her relationship with Klute is the only counter culture aspects of this movie. I dont think that this movie meant to focus heavily on the counter culture movement but did show some of it with the main characters.
1. I do enjoy the movie so far, however if was to describe aspects of the movie to someone not in the class, I would have to tell them that many scenes are rough and the movie is overall plain and to the point with its more controversial topics such as the feelings someone gains for their work as a prostitute. As for the genre, I see this as a crime thriller of sorts. Thriller because of scenes like when the main characters think someone is on the roof, and crime because of the investigation that is present in the film.
ReplyDelete2. I think Bree is comfortable with herself when it comes to her job as a prostitute but seems a little lost outside of that. She easily persuades men around but she struggles as an actress which is what she really wants to do. This is why I sympathize with her because she does seem like she wants to start acting but just can’t seem to get out of prostitution. However she seems at her most herself when she is in the therapy sessions and she is talking out why she does the things she does.
3. To me the counter culture seems to be the prostitutes and others who make way by doing illegal activities. Many of them have resorted to drugs like Paige which would make it seem like they would fit in well with the crowd at Altimont but they may be slightly more dysfunctional in society than the hippies.
e movie? Like? Dislike? Why? And how would you describe this movie to people not in the class? What ARE (that's plural on purpose) its genres? Use specific examples to support your answer.
ReplyDeleteI really enjoyed this movie. It kept me on edge, and I never was sure of what was going to happen next. Donald Sutherland is one of my favorite actors that we have seen from the seventies, and I thought he gave a great performance. This movie, if I had to put it in terms of genres is a drama, horror, and romance. It covers all these bases because the mood of the movie is fluid. We see drama when Bree goes back to her pimp and Klute is sitting there watching. It is a horror movie when the man on the roof leads Klute through a winding chase down several corridors and alleyways. It is a romance because Klute and Bree fall in love, and we see that in the scene at the market.
2. Bree Daniels: what word or phrase best describes her? Where do we see her be most herself—whatever that means to you? And do you find her sympathetic or not? Use specific examples to support your answer.
Bree is alone. She is reliant on clients to make her feel safe and valid as a person, but outside of being a prostitute, she has no one until Klute begins his investigation. When she talks to her therapist, she mentions that she wants to be “faceless and bodiless” which not only speaks to the affect of being a prostitute, but the way she feels outside of work. She avoids people like the plague, and when someone manages to make it past her defenses, she breaks down and pushes them away. The reason Klute is successful in winning her affection is that he isn’t scared by the bad parts about her. He sees her at her worst and he still comes back to comfort her. Bree is definitely going through an identity crisis throughout the duration of the movie, but when she first sleeps with Klute, and she runs out the door talking about how she knew she would break him, that is when we see the true essence of her character. I find that Bree is not sympathetic but she is gaining that attribute. She finally allows Klute to make his way into her life, and she begins to care for him. At first she was only concerned with manipulating him like she does all men, but when he stayed around, she realized she had value beyond manipulation. Klute saw her in a way not even her therapist did.
3. What is the counter culture in the movie? Or maybe we should say, who is the counter culture in the movie? Would they be comfortable at Altamont—or with Stones' lawyer Melvin Belli and his cronies? Explain your answers by referring to specifics in the movie.
In a really strange way, I feel that Klute is the counter culture of the movie. He is an outsider to New York, he is one of the only people with a legitimate job that we see, and he isn’t a prostitute or a crack addict. He would not be comfortable at Altamont, and he would definitely not be comfortable with Melvin Belli. Klute has a stronger moral compass than any other character in the movie. The only non-prostitute/addict we see in the movie is an abuser of women and a stalker. When we see Klute in the club with all the junkies and whores he sticks out like a sore thumb, and it is clear that he doesn’t belong.